Diagnosing head and neck cancer involves a comprehensive evaluation to confirm the presence of cancer, determine its type and stage, and guide treatment planning. Diagnostic testing may include:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Including a thorough examination of the head and neck, oral cavity, throat, and lymph nodes.
- Endoscopic Examination: Use of flexible or rigid scopes to examine hard-to-see areas of the throat and voice box.
- Imaging Studies:
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Evaluates tumor size and spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of soft tissues for staging and treatment planning.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT): Helps detect cancer spread and evaluate treatment response.
- Biopsy: The definitive method for diagnosis. Tissue samples may be obtained through:
- Needle biopsy of lymph nodes
- Oral or throat tissue biopsy
- Image-guided biopsy
- Surgical biopsy
- Pathologic and Molecular Testing: Tumor evaluation for histology, HPV status, and molecular markers that may influence treatment decisions.
All diagnostic results at the GW Cancer Center are reviewed by a multidisciplinary tumor board to ensure accurate diagnosis and individualized care planning.
