- Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will first assess the patient's medical history, looking for any risk factors or symptoms typical of pancreatic cancer, such as jaundice, weight loss, abdominal pain, and changes in stool. A physical examination may help detect changes in the abdomen or find jaundice.
- Blood Tests: Although there are no specific blood tests that can diagnose pancreatic cancer directly, certain tests can detect abnormal levels of liver enzymes or other substances in the blood. For example, a common test measures the levels of CA 19-9, a tumor marker that might be elevated in pancreatic cancer.
- Imaging Tests: Imaging tests are crucial for visualizing the pancreas and surrounding areas. Common imaging tests include:
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body and is one of the primary tools for examining the pancreas.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Used for detailed images of soft tissues in the body.
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to provide images and information about the structure of the pancreas. This method can also be used to take tissue samples.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Sometimes used when the diagnosis is uncertain or to check for the spread of cancer.
- Biopsy: A biopsy is the definitive diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. A small sample of tissue is taken from the pancreas for microscopic examination. This can be done during an EUS, through a needle inserted directly into the pancreas under CT guidance, or via surgery.
- Laparoscopy: Sometimes, a surgeon might perform a laparoscopy to look at the pancreas and other internal organs. This procedure involves making small incisions in the abdomen and inserting a camera. It helps in assessing the spread of the cancer and determining if it is operable.
The choice of treatment often involves a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and gastroenterologists. The treatment plan often involves a combination of these methods and is personalized based on the patient's specific situation, including the cancer stage, location, and the patient's overall health. Regular follow-up and monitoring by your GW Cancer Center team are essential to assess the treatment's effectiveness and manage any side effects or complications.
