Hormonal therapy is a targeted treatment used for certain cancers that rely on hormones to grow, like some types of breast and prostate cancers.
What is Hormonal Therapy?
Hormonal therapy, sometimes called endocrine therapy, targets specific hormones in the body to slow down or stop cancer growth. This treatment works by either:
- Lowering the level of specific hormones (like estrogen or testosterone) in the body, or
- Blocking hormones from attaching to cancer cells, which stops them from growing.
Unlike chemotherapy, which attacks many types of rapidly growing cells, hormonal therapy only targets cells influenced by certain hormones. This makes it an effective option with potentially fewer side effects for hormone-sensitive cancers, particularly breast and prostate cancers.
How Does Hormonal Therapy Work?
Cancer cells are tested to see if they’re hormone receptor-positive, meaning they rely on hormones to grow. If your cancer has hormone receptors, hormonal therapy can help by:
- Reducing hormone levels so cancer cells can’t thrive as easily, or
- Preventing hormones from connecting to receptors on the cancer cells.
For example, breast cancer patients might be prescribed Tamoxifen (typically for premenopausal women) or aromatase inhibitors (for postmenopausal women). Prostate cancer patients may be prescribed medications that lower testosterone levels or block its effects.
Hormonal therapy is often a long-term treatment, with patients taking medication for several years. Your healthcare provider will discuss the best plan based on your specific situation and type of cancer.
Common Side Effects
Because hormonal therapy changes hormone levels, it can cause side effects. Here are a few common ones you may experience:
- Hot flashes
- Mood changes
- Fatigue
- Bone thinning (particularly with aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer)
These effects can vary in intensity, depending on the medication and individual health. Your healthcare team can help manage these symptoms, so don’t hesitate to share any changes you’re experiencing.
Hormonal therapy is most effective when taken consistently, so regular check-ins with your healthcare team are crucial. Be open about any side effects or concerns you have, as they can offer support and strategies to manage them. Remember, you’re not alone on this journey—reliable information and your healthcare team are here to help every step of the way.