What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer begins in the prostate, a small gland located below the bladder that helps produce seminal fluid. It is one of the most common cancers affecting men in the United States.
Many prostate cancers grow slowly and may remain confined to the prostate for years. Others are more aggressive and can spread to nearby lymph nodes or bones if not treated. Because of this wide range in behavior, prostate cancer care must be personalized. At the GW Cancer Center, our multidisciplinary team carefully evaluates each diagnosis to determine the most appropriate course of action — from active surveillance to advanced treatment.
Risk Factors
Prostate cancer risk factors can vary, with some being more significant than others. Here are some of the primary risk factors associated with prostate cancer:
- Age: Risk increases significantly as men age, with the majority of cases found in men aged 65 and older.
- Race/Ethnicity: African-American men have a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer compared to men of other races. The reasons for this disparity aren't fully understood and are likely due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors.
- Family History: Men with a father or brother who has had prostate cancer are at a greater risk. This risk is further increased if multiple family members have been diagnosed with the disease, especially at a young age.
- Genetic Factors: Mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and others associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes, can increase risk.
- Diet and Lifestyle: Some studies suggest that a diet high in red meat or high-fat dairy products might increase the risk of prostate cancer, although the evidence is not conclusive. Conversely, diets high in vegetables and fruits may decrease the risk.
- Geographical Location: Prostate cancer is more common in North America, northwestern Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean islands. It is less common in Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America.
- Obesity: Some studies have suggested that being obese may be linked to a higher risk of developing more advanced prostate cancer and of dying from prostate cancer.
Understanding these risk factors can help discuss screening options with healthcare providers, especially for those at higher risk. By prioritizing regular check-ups and prompt medical attention, the GW Cancer Center Urological Cancer team can significantly improve the prognosis and survival of prostate cancer.